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| Culture's Story, aiw73.blogspot.com |
Monday, August 17, 2020
Friday, August 14, 2020
The Trend of Agricultural Evolution
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| Agricultural Evolution, Agricultural History, Modern Farming |
Introduction
There is a saying that, ‘’agriculture is the root of
culture’’.
At the beginning of
civilization, people were seen as a hunter. People became predators to protect
themselves from wild animals and to gather food for survival. Gradually, people
realized that it was easier to collect food by denying self-defense when they
were grouped. They noticed that some animals were not left unattended after
hunting, but they did not move around. This was the beginning of the first
breeding of cattle by ensuring food supply in times of crisis by raising and
caring for cattle on the ground. Many ups and downs are the basis of human
civilization today. To ensure the food security of the population, people have
made groundbreaking changes in agriculture through the application of
technological innovations in agriculture. This evolution did not happen in one
day. Around the world agricultural Scientists have come a long way and made
progress.
What is agriculture?
Agriculture is a combination of crop production and
livestock rearing and fish farming science, art, and trade. It is thought to
have originated in Southwest Asia about 9,500 BC, with evidence of the use of
wild cereals.
According to many, agriculture began independently in
different parts of the world, with different classes of crops locally.
These include-
- Mexico/Guatemala:
Maize, Peas, Squash, Papaya, Tomato, Pepper,
- Middle
Eastern region (From Nil river up to Tigris and Euphrates rivers) Wheat, oats,
grape, apple, dates, demur, bang, lentil and
- North
China: Paddy, soybean, pitch, Chinese cabbage
Original farming methods
Primitive people used to live in caves,
forests, highlands, etc., where they lived for some time. To earn a living, they
used to clear the forest and cultivate the land, cultivate crops and when the
crops were harvested, they would leave the place in groups for various reasons
and settle down elsewhere.
The development of small
scale agriculture took place in 7000 BC. At Egyptian land. Evidence of wheat
and barley cultivation is also found in the Indian subcontinent during this
period. It originated in the middle tier of agriculture around 6000 BC. at the
bank of Nil river. It was around this time that agriculture began to develop
independently by cultivating rice instead of wheat.
Sumerian civilization developed around 5000 BC.
The Sumerians use energy to harvest one crop a year through the necessary
efficient irrigation system. At this time the introduction of cattle such as
mutton for animal husbandry and food began in earnest. At that time the
practice of hiring herdsmen for raising cattle began.
The evolution of
agriculture is not a single technology for food production but it is an integrated effort of many technologies.
Agricultural technology
innovations spread around the world around 2000 BC.
For better or worse, agriculture was the main
and only driving force in the development of civilization.
Although farms are probably more laborious
than primitive hunting and food collection, it is easier to provide 10 to 100
times more calories per acre, thus eliminating food shortages for the growing
population. People began to settle permanently. Small settlements became cities
and over time cities became cities.
The agricultural revolution
According to the ‘’Encyclopedia
Britannica’’, the agrarian revolution began in Britain in the 1800s and lasted
until the 1900s. During this time agriculture shifted from its original form to
modern agriculture. Significant changes introduced include crop rotation, land
ownership, intensive use of agricultural land, the emergence of agricultural
farms, concentration on agricultural technologies such as the invention of
agricultural machinery, development of irrigation systems, breeding research in
breed innovation, etc.
Modern Agriculture
In the 21st century, the
growing food demand of the growing population is minimized successfully by
modern agriculture. Primary food grain like- rice and wheat production has
increased dramatically with the increase of population. Production on the same
land has quadrupled. On the other hand, time-saving for agricultural
mechanization has reduced the cost of production. Day after day agricultural
research has made it possible to innovate new technologies. An evolving
approach helps to increase the efficiency of agricultural production and reduce
the number of natural resources required to meet the needs including the food of
the world. An intensive farming system, sustainable agricultural, organic farming
practices, agricultural mechanization, varietal development, etc. are part of
modern agriculture. The development of agriculture is not the end here. This
trend will continue for ages to come as new technology will be added feather to
the crown of civilization.
To Know More click below the link
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture
http://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/aghst.htm
http://www.foodsystemprimer.org/food-production/history-of-agriculture/
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